Manufacture of mantles.



rricE.

IVIANUFACTU RE OF IVIANTLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.

ee2,4s1, dated November 27, 1900.

Application filed January 20, 1900- Serial No.2,224. (No specimens.)

. To ctZZ whom it may concern:

' definitely and in detail one process of manufactoring my said mantlesWithout thereby limiting myself to the process described and with thefurther understanding that the word mantle is to be construed as meaningany incandescible body capable of being brought to a state ofincandescence by a flame of high temperature, such as the Bunsen flame.Let it be assumed that I desire to produce six hundred mantles of No. 80Clark thread. I then proceed as follows: I take one kilogram of nitrateof thorium in pulverulent condition andadd thereto one per cent. ofnitrate of cerium and dissolve the said nitrates in two kilograms ofwater. I saturate ordinary thread mantle-webbings with this solution anddry the same and sew up the head of the mantle. If I desire to make asoft mantle, I put the said mantle on a form, preferably a glass form,and apply thereto with a brush a solution consisting of gasolene andfive per cent. of parafiin and three per cent. chemicallypure lampblaokor other carbon. In case it is desired tomake a so-called hard mantle Itake the mantle after the head has been sewed and the cellulose burnedout in the usual manner and shape the said mantle over a Bunsen flame.The mantle thus produced is dipped into a solution of flexiblecollodion, which contains a three-per-cent. proportion of carbon,preferably chemically-p11 re lampblack. The mantle produced by theprocess, whether hard or soft, is grayish approaching black in hue. Thismantle when burned ofl in the usual manner attains a much softer statethan the ordinary thoria mantle, and

consequently has a greater candle-power. I

am also of the opinion that the thoria is left in its originalcondition-that is to say, it does not take up a sufficient quantity ofadditional oxygen to cause objectionable shrinkage or to detract fromits incandescent properties. My theory of the process is this: It

is well known that thoria when at a high temperature has anextraordinary affinity for oxygen, and when a thoria mantle is burnedoif the oxygen attacks the thoria, which, becoming less oxidized,shrinks, and the mantle is thereby distorted, and at the same time theincandescing'properties of the thoria are diminished. Carbon when usedwith the thoria, as described, seems to have a greater affinity foroxygen than the thorium compound has, and consequen tly the carbon isattacked by the oxygen, and not the thorium, with the excellent resultsabove mentioned.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to securebyLetters Patent, 1s-

1. As a new and useful article of manufacture, a mantle comprising inits structure a refractory oxid having an affinity for oxygen,

and a substance associated therewith capable of combining with oxygen toprevent further oxidation of the oxid, whereby, shrinkage of the mantleis prevented, substantially as described.

2. As a new and useful article of manufacture, a mantle comprising inits structure a refractory oxid and free carbon for preventing furtheroxidation of the oxid.

3. As a new and useful article of manufacture a mantle composed ofthoria and free carbon.

4. As a new and useful article of manufacture an incandescible mantlecomposed of a suitable support, a refractory oxid and a highly-reduciblematerial, substantially as described to prevent injurious oxidation ofthe mantle during the burning-off process.

5. As a new and useful article of manufacture, a flexible mantlecomposed of a flexible support, a refractory oxid anda materialcontaining loosely-bound carbon having great affinity for oxygen, thesaid mantle being nonshrinkable by burning off.

6. As a new and useful article of manufacture, a flexible mantlecomposed of a flexiblecollodion support, a refractory oxid and freecarbon. i

7. A new and useful composition of matter for impregnating mantlesconsisting of a refractory oxid and a carbonaceous material containing Iloosely-bound carbon capable of protecting the oxid from injuriousoxidation.

OSCAR WIEDERHOLD. Witnesses:

GEO. E. MORSE, OTTO v. SoHRENK.

